Difference between revisions of "Muzzle velocity"
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| − | '''Muzzle velocity''' is the velocity of the projectile immediately after leaving the barrel, and other than a few hypothetical situations, is the fastest the projectile will ever go. Muzzle velocity is typically measured by a chronograph, a device that measures the time it takes the projectile to travel between 2 sensors, although less accurate results can be gathered from a [[ballistic pendulum]] or the quite inaccurate [[hang time]] test. | + | '''Muzzle velocity''' is the velocity of the projectile immediately after leaving the [[barrel]], and other than a few hypothetical situations, is the fastest the projectile will ever go. Muzzle velocity is typically measured by a [[Chronometer|chronograph]], a device that measures the time it takes the projectile to travel between 2 sensors, although less accurate results can be gathered from a [[ballistic pendulum]] or the quite inaccurate [[hang time]] test. |
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This is muzzle velocity's companion, and can be calculated as following: | This is muzzle velocity's companion, and can be calculated as following: | ||
(1/2)(Mass)(Velocity<sup>2</sup>), where mass is in kilograms, velocity is in meters/sec, and output is in Joules. | (1/2)(Mass)(Velocity<sup>2</sup>), where mass is in kilograms, velocity is in meters/sec, and output is in Joules. | ||
| − | For instance, a 100g (0.1Kg) potato going 150 meters/sec (a large [[combustion launcher|combustion]] | + | For instance, a 100g (0.1Kg) [[potato]] going 150 meters/sec (a large [[combustion launcher|combustion spud gun]] is capable of this) would have a muzzle energy of: |
(1/2)*(0.1Kg)*(150m/s)<sup>2</sup>=1125 J. | (1/2)*(0.1Kg)*(150m/s)<sup>2</sup>=1125 J. | ||
1.5 joules is approximately 1 foot pounds, the traditional imperial (US) unit of energy for firearms. | 1.5 joules is approximately 1 foot pounds, the traditional imperial (US) unit of energy for firearms. | ||
| − | It should be noted that in the case of | + | It should be noted that in the case of [[sabot]]ed projectiles being simulated with the [[GGDT]], the actual muzzle energy is equal to GGDT muzzle energy * projectile mass/projectile mass+sabot mass. |
| − | The following is a table of | + | The following is a table of selected spud guns compared with rim and centerfire ammunition muzzle energies. |
<table cell-border=2 cell-padding=1 align=center><tr><td><b> '''Projectile''' </b></td><td align=right><b> '''Energy, J''' </b></td></tr> | <table cell-border=2 cell-padding=1 align=center><tr><td><b> '''Projectile''' </b></td><td align=right><b> '''Energy, J''' </b></td></tr> | ||
| − | <tr><td>typical paintball</td><td align=right>17</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=blue>typical [[paintball]]</font></td><td align=right>17</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>0.22 rimfire</td><td align=right>180</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>0.22 rimfire</font></td><td align=right>180</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>2" Spud at 300FPS<br>(moderate sized combustion spud gun)</td><td align=right>~400</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=blue>2" Spud at 300FPS<br>(moderate sized combustion spud gun)</font></td><td align=right>~400</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>0.45 colt</td><td align=right>675</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>0.45 colt</font></td><td align=right>675</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>410 slug</td><td align=right>1000</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>410 slug</font></td><td align=right>1000</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>2" Spud at 490FPS<br>(large sized combustion spud gun)</td><td align=right>~1100</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=blue>2" Spud at 490FPS<br>(large sized combustion spud gun)</font></td><td align=right>~1100</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>2" Spud at 600FPS<br>(moderate sized pneumatic spud gun)</td><td align=right>~1600</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=blue>2" Spud at 600FPS<br>(moderate sized pneumatic spud gun)</font></td><td align=right>~1600</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>0.223 (M-16)</td><td align=right>1900</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>0.223 (M-16)</font></td><td align=right>1900</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>0.60 (M-14, M-60)</td><td align=right>3640</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>0.60 (M-14, M-60)</font></td><td align=right>3640</td></tr> |
| − | <tr><td>30-06</td><td align=right>4500</td></tr> | + | <tr><td><font color=red>30-06</font></td><td align=right>4500</td></tr> |
| + | <tr><td><font color=blue>100g slug at 1300FPS<br> (moderate sized 10x [[Hybrid Cannon|hybrid spud gun]]) </font></td><td align=right>~7600</td></tr> | ||
| + | <tr><td>.</td></tr> | ||
| + | <tr><td>.</td></tr> | ||
| + | <tr><td>.</td></tr> | ||
| + | <tr><td><font color=blue>VERA[http://gizmodo.com/5899952/americas-navy-tests-its-missiles-with-the-worlds-biggest-potato-gun/]<br> (world's largest combustion "spud gun")</font></td><td align=right>~2,250,000</td></tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
[[category:Concepts]] | [[category:Concepts]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:19, 27 May 2014
Muzzle velocity is the velocity of the projectile immediately after leaving the barrel, and other than a few hypothetical situations, is the fastest the projectile will ever go. Muzzle velocity is typically measured by a chronograph, a device that measures the time it takes the projectile to travel between 2 sensors, although less accurate results can be gathered from a ballistic pendulum or the quite inaccurate hang time test.
Muzzle energy
This is muzzle velocity's companion, and can be calculated as following: (1/2)(Mass)(Velocity2), where mass is in kilograms, velocity is in meters/sec, and output is in Joules. For instance, a 100g (0.1Kg) potato going 150 meters/sec (a large combustion spud gun is capable of this) would have a muzzle energy of: (1/2)*(0.1Kg)*(150m/s)2=1125 J.
1.5 joules is approximately 1 foot pounds, the traditional imperial (US) unit of energy for firearms.
It should be noted that in the case of saboted projectiles being simulated with the GGDT, the actual muzzle energy is equal to GGDT muzzle energy * projectile mass/projectile mass+sabot mass.
The following is a table of selected spud guns compared with rim and centerfire ammunition muzzle energies.
| Projectile | Energy, J |
| typical paintball | 17 |
| 0.22 rimfire | 180 |
| 2" Spud at 300FPS (moderate sized combustion spud gun) | ~400 |
| 0.45 colt | 675 |
| 410 slug | 1000 |
| 2" Spud at 490FPS (large sized combustion spud gun) | ~1100 |
| 2" Spud at 600FPS (moderate sized pneumatic spud gun) | ~1600 |
| 0.223 (M-16) | 1900 |
| 0.60 (M-14, M-60) | 3640 |
| 30-06 | 4500 |
| 100g slug at 1300FPS (moderate sized 10x hybrid spud gun) | ~7600 |
| . | |
| . | |
| . | |
| VERA[1] (world's largest combustion "spud gun") | ~2,250,000 |
