Electromagnetic Cannon
You're building a coil gun if you have windings in the barrel. For even slightly good performance, however, I recommend using a capacitor bank with at least 400v and 470uf, and sticking a steel rod through a spud wont work very well. The projectile needs to be very aerodynamic for it to be even slightly efficient. For a really good description of coilguns and building them, go to instructables.com and search for "Coilgun Handgun". A guy named Robert Wilsford made several very excellent coilguns and posted them on that site.
aerodynamics doesn't really have anything to do with the initial energy. You pretty much want a cylinder of magnetic material that ideally isn't conductive. Don't use a metal tube without slots for the barrel.
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