Here is my one inch piston valve, built into a simple over-under.

The chamber is 21" of 2" sch40 PVC.
The barrel is 2 feet of 1/2" sch40 PVC.
Breech load, via the ball valve with a hole in it's side.
Now...
Using one square of toidy paper as wadding/sabot, I load it with a single steel hunting shot. (3/8")
Loaded by wrapping the shot in the paper, then stuffing it into the ball valve, paper first. Packed in pretty solid, using a wooden stick. So the paper not only carries the shot, but ends up being pretty tightly packed behind it as well.
I am using air pressures just over 100 pounds. (My current guage on the filler only goes to 100, and is more than topped out. I'll have a secondary guage prepared soon, that will measure the actual pressures I am getting.)
I don't think it can be over 120 to 125 pounds.
At ~35 feet, I am getting half penetration in a 3/4" piece of old, very solid, and also soaked through and through... Piece of plywood.
I would like to get that pellet all the way through, at that distance.
Any suggestions on how to increase the power ?
I can go to a 4 inch by 2 foot chamber. But I haven't seen anything that would indicate that that would make much difference. Since I am already at a chamber volume much higher than barrel volume.